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GaPs.ir - Geology and Petroleum Science - پالینولوژی (Palynology) s

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قرآن و زمین شناسی

سوگند به جوِ برگشت دهنده و به زمينِ شقه شقه، که اين قرآن گفتار جدا جدا است نه اينکه چيز بيهـوده ای باشد

جـو، مـوارد مـضـر را از آمـدن بـه زمـيـن مـنع می کـند و آنها را به فضا برگشت می دهد، و موارد مفـيدی که از زمين بالامی روند را به زمين برگشت می دهد يا در جو نگه می دارند. (در واقع این آیه شریفه اشاره دارد به وجود جو زمین و لایه های مختلف آن از خارج به داخل و یا برعکس که به مانند سپری توانا مانع ورود اجرام و خطرات کیهانی به داخل آن و در واقع تخریب زمین می شوند و از طرفی این لایه های اتمسفر مانع از خروج بخار آب و اکسیژن از زمین شده و حیات را اینگونه تضمین می کنند).

سطح زمين در واقع شقه شقه است. سطح زمین در مجموع از 10 تا شقه های کوچک و بزرگ تشکيل شده است. محل تـماس لايه ها عـمـدتـاً در سـطح اقـيـانـوس هـا و برخی از دريـاهـا است و هـزاران کـيلومتر طول دارند. از شکاف ميان آنها مـواد مـذاب بيرون می ريزد که از ضروريات زنده نگه داشتن زمين و مـنـاسب نـمـودن و مـناسب نگـهـداشتن آن بـرای زنـدگـی است. طوريکه اگر نمی بـودند زمين از همان آغاز سرد شدن قـشر خود منفجر می شد، و يا اصلاً حياتی روی آن پا نمی گرفت.

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پالینولوژی (Palynology)


تاریخ انتشار پست : 18 مرداد, 1392 بازدید : 554

پالینولوژی (Palynology)

Acritarchs and Chitinozoa





Multiplicisphaeridium sp.
Silurian
Rushbury, Wales
LM
colony of Leiosphaeridium sphaeromorph acritarchs
Silurian
Rushbury, Wales
LM
Crassiangulina tesselita
Silurian
Rushbury, Wales
Neoveryhachium carminae
Silurian
Rose Hill, New York State, USA
LM
Fungochitina sp.
Silurian
Rose Hill, New York State, USA
length 250 microns LM
Fungochitinasp.
Silurian
Rose Hill, New York State, USA
length 250 microns LM
Fungochitinasp.
Silurian
Rose Hill, New York State, USA
length 250 microns LM
Lagenochitina sp. (right) Conochitina sp. (left)
Silurian
Rose Hill, New York State, USA
Lagenochitina sp.
Silurian
Rose Hill, New York State, USA
LM
chitinozoa (aboral view)
Silurian
unknown
Veryhachium sp.
Silurian
Rushbury, Wales
19 microns excluding processes
Cymatiosphaera octoplana
Silurian
Rushbury, Wales
25 microns
Leiofusa tumida
Silurian
Joslin Hill, New York State USA
25 microns excluding processes
Veryhachium cf. lairdi
Silurian
Joslin Hill, New York State USA
9 microns excluding processes
Veryhachium cf. lairdi
Silurian
Joslin Hill, New York State USA
13 microns excluding processes
Multiplicisphaeridium sp.
Silurian
Joslin Hill, New York State USA
20 microns excluding processes
Leiofusa sp.
Silurian
Joslin Hill, New York State USA
7 microns excluding processes
Geron gracilis
Silurian
Joslin Hill, New York State USA
12 microns excluding process
Geron gracilis
Silurian
Joslin Hill, New York State USA
12 microns excluding process
Veryhachium limaciforme
Silurian
Joslin Hill, New York State USA
25 microns excluding process
Multiplicisphaeridium sp.
Silurian
Joslin Hill, New York State USA
20 microns excluding process
Veryhachium trispinosum
Silurian
Joslin Hill, New York State USA
12 microns excluding process
Diexallophasis denticulata
Silurian
Joslin Hill, New York State USA
12 microns excluding process
Veryhachium lairdi
Silurian
Joslin Hill, New York State USA
12 microns excluding process
Multiplicisphaeridium fisherii
Silurian
Joslin Hill, New York State USA
18 microns excluding process
Leiofusa bernesgae
Silurian
Joslin Hill, New York State USA
10 microns excluding process
Geron sp.
Silurian
Joslin Hill, New York State USA
21 microns
Veryhachium sp.
Silurian
Cyrenaica, Eastern, Libya
40 microns excluding processes
?Diacrodium? sp.
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
32 microns excluding processes
?acritarch?
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
32 microns excluding processes
?acritarch?
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
43 microns excluding processes
acritarch
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
45 microns excluding processes
acritarch
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
29 microns excluding processes
Priscotheca complanata Deunff
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Shropshire, UK
40 microns excluding processes
Stelliferidium cuvillieri Deunff
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
38 microns
Cymatiogalea membranispinosa Deunff
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
30 microns excluding processes
Vulcanisphaera brittanica Rasul
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
30 microns excluding processes
Acanthodiacrodium angustum Downie
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
36 microns
Vulcanisphaera imparila Rasul
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
32 microns excluding processes
Vulcanisphaera africana Deunff
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
48 microns excluding processes
Trichosphaeridium annovolaense Timofeyev
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
46 microns
Stelliferidium cuvillieri Deunff
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
32 microns
Cymatiogalea convexa Rasul
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
31 microns
Priscotheca complanata Deunff
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
33 microns
Saharidia fragile Combaz
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
68 microns
Vulcanisphaera africana Deunff
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
43 microns
Leiofusa squama Deunff
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
80 microns
Archeohystrichosphaeridium funis Rasul
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
32 microns
Leiofusa simplex Rasul
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
45 microns
Impluviculus miloni Vanguestaine
Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician)
Tremadoc, Wales
10 microns

Dinoflagellates






Cenozoic
Spiniferites bentori (Wall and Dale)
Pleistocene-Recent
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
LM
Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura Habib
Aquitanian (Miocene)-Lower Pliocene
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
LM
Impagidinium patulum Wall
Burdigalian (Miocene)-Recent
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
LM
Hystrichokolpona rigaudae Deflandre and Cookson
Ypresian (Eocene)-Pleistocene
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
LM
Nematosphaeropsis labyrinthea Ostenfeld
?Eocene-?Recent
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
LM
Lingulodinium machaerophoram (Deflandre and Cookson)
Ypresian (Eocene)-Recent
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
LM
Achomosphaera ramulifera (Deflandre)
?Pliocene
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
LM
Alisocysta margarita Harland
Thanetian (Palaeocene)
Beryl Field, U.K North Sea
LM
Phelodinium magnificum Stover and Evitt
?Palaeogene?
Beryl Field, U.K North Sea
LM
Hystrichosphaeridium tubiferum Davey and Williams
Maastrichtian-Ypresian (Eocene)
Beryl Field, U.K North Sea
LM
Deflandrea oebisfeldensis Alberti
Thanetian (Palaeocene)-Ypresian (Eocene)
Beryl Field, U.K North Sea
LM
Cerodinium wardenense Lentin and Williams
Palaeogene?
Beryl Field, U.K North Sea
LM
Thalassiphora pelagica Benedek and Gocht
Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous)-Chattian (Oligocene)
Beryl Field, U.K North Sea
LM
Cordosphaeridium gracile Davey and Williams
Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous)-Rupelian (Oligocene)
Beryl Field, U.K North Sea
LM
Cordosphaeridium inodes Morgenroth
?Palaeogene?
Beryl Field, U.K North Sea
LM
Operculodinium centrocarpum Wall
?Palaeogene?
Beryl Field, U.K North Sea
LM
Spniferites ramosus granosus Lentin and Williams
?Palaeogene?
Beryl Field, U.K North Sea
LM focus on parasutures
Spiniferites ramosus granosus Lentin and Williams
?Palaeogene?
Beryl Field, U.K North Sea
LM focus on granular periphragm
Spiniferites membranaceus Sarjeant
?Palaeogene?
Beryl Field, U.K North Sea
LM
Achomosphaera ramulifera Evitt
?Palaeogene?
Beryl Field, U.K North Sea
LM
Areoligera senonensis Lejeune-Carpentier
Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceus)-Lutetian (Eocene)
Beryl Field, U.K North Sea
LM
Glaphyrocysta ordinata Stover and Evitt
Thanetian (Palaeocene)-Ypresian (Eocene)
Beryl Field, U.K North Sea
LM
Apectodinium homomorphum Lentin and Williams
Thanetian (Palaeocene)-Bartonian (Eocene)
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Operculodinium centrocarpum Wall
Paleocene?-Oligocene?
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Kallosphaeridium orchiense de Coninck
Eocene
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Lingulodinium machaerophorum Wall
Eocene-Recent
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Adnatosphaeridium multispinosum Williams and Downie
Ypresian (Eocene)-Bartonian (Eocene)
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Homotryblium pallidum Eaton
Eocene?-Miocene?
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM


Mesozoic
Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides Deflandre
Albian-Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous)
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Dinogymnium acuminatum Evitt, Clarke and Verdier
Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous)
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Exochosphaeridium bifidum Clarke et al
Cenomanian-Campanian (upper Cretaceous)
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Stephodinium coronatum Deflandre
Aptian-Turonian (middle Cretaceous)
Borehole 2, Selborne , S.E England
LM
Coronifera oceanica Cookson and Eisenack
Hauterivian-Maastrichtian (Cretaceous)
Copt Point, S.E England
LM
Achomosphaera neptuni Davey and Williams
Ryazanian-Aptian (Lower Cretaceous)
Copt Point, S.E England
LM
Oligosphaeridium complex Davey and Williams
Valanginian (Lower Cretaceous)-Palaeocene
Copt Point, S.E England
LM
Ovoidinium verrucosum Davey
Upper Albian-Cenomanian (Cretaceous)
Borehole 1, Selborne, S.E England
LM
Odontichitina operculata Deflandre and Cookson
Barremian-Maastrichtian (Cretaceous)
Borehole 1, Selborne, S.E England
LM
Callaiosphaeridium asymmetricum Davey and Williams
Hauterivian-Early Campanian (Cretaceous)
Borehole 1, Selborne, S.E England
LM
Endoscrinium campanula Vozzhennikova
Ryazanian-Coniacian (Cretaceous)
Borehole 2, Selborne, S.E England
LM
Stiphrosphaeridium anthophorum Lentin and Williams
Hauterivian-Upper Albian (Cretaceous)
Borehole 1, Selborne, S.E England
LM
Litosphaeridium arundum Lucas-Clark
Lower Albian-Cenomanian (Cretaceous)
Copt Point, S.E England
LM
Florentinia mantelli Davey and Verdier
Hauterivian-Turonian (Cretaceous)
Copt Point, S.E England
LM
Gonyaulacysta cassidata Sarjeant
Early Aptian-Cenomanian (Cretaceous)
Copt Point, S.E England
LM
Crobroperidinium edwardsii Davey
Barremian-Turonian (Cretaceous)
Copt Point, S.E England
LM
Systematophora pencillata Sarjeant
Oxfordian-Upper Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic)
Outer Moray Firth Basin, North Sea
LM
Gonyaulocysta jurassica Poulsen
Upper Bajocian-Lower Kimmeridgian (Jurassic)
Outer Moray Firth Basin, North Sea
LM
Ctenidodinium ornatum Deflandre
Lower Callovian-Upper Oxfordian (Jurassic)
Outer Moray Firth Basin, North Sea
LM



Spores and Pollen





Cenozoic
Tricolporopollenites sp.
?Miocene?
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
29 microns LM
Tiliaepollenites sp.
?Miocene?
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
22x20 microns LM
Triporopollenites sp.
?Miocene?
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
25 microns LM
Retitricolporites sp.
?Miocene?
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
32 microns LM
Tricolporopollenites sp.
?Miocene?
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
35 microns LM
Tricolporopollenites sp.
?Miocene?
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
29 microns LM
Ongcosperma sp.
?Miocene?
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
25 microns LM
Perfotricolpites digitatus (Gonzalez)
?Miocene?
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
42 microns LM
Canthiumidites reticulatus Khan
Pliocene?
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
31 microns LM
Daemonorops sparsiflorus Sowunmi
Miocene?
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
38 microns LM
Dicolpopollis sp.
Miocene?
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
28 microns LM
Canthiumidites sp.
Miocene?
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
40 microns LM
Myrtaceidites sp.
?Miocene?
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
28 microns LM
Monoporites sp.
?Miocene?
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
16x18 microns LM
Retimonocolpites sp.
?Miocene?
Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
24x34 microns LM
Dracaena guienettii
Neogene
Pissouri, S.W. Cyprus
LM
Periporopollenites echinatus (Wodehouse)
Neogene
Pissouri, S.W. Cyprus
LM
Picaepollenites saccifer Takahashi
Miocene-Pliocene
Pissouri, S.W. Cyprus
LM
Compositoipollenites rizophorus Potonie
Neogene
Pissouri, S.W. Cyprus
LM
Tricolporopollenites pseudocingulum (Potonie)
Lower Oligocene
Pissouri, S.W. Cyprus
LM
Cycadopites (Monocolpopollenites zievelensis) Pflug
Upper Miocene
Pissouri, S.W. Cyprus
LM
Chenopodipollis multiplex (Weyl and Pflug)
Pliocene-Pleistocene
Pissouri, S.W. Cyprus
LM
Tasmanites Newton (prasinophycean algal spore)
Ordovician-Recent
Pissouri, S.W. Cyprus
LM
Pinus haploxylon Rudolph
Miocene-Pliocene
Pissouri, S.W. Cyprus
LM
Pinuspollenites taedaeformis (Zaklinskaja)
Middle Eocene-Miocene
Pissouri, S.W. Cyprus
LM
Borassus flabellifer
Middle Eocene
Pissouri, S.W. Cyprus
LM
Pachydermites diederixii Hopping and Muller
Miocene
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Echiperiporites estelae Hopping and Muller
Eocene-Miocene?
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Crototricolpites crotonoisculptus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg
Palaeocene-Eocene
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Perfotricolpites digitatus Gonzalez-Guzman
Eocene-Miocene
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Psilatricolpites crassus van dr Hammen et Wymestra
Eocene-Miocene?
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Retitriporites sp.
Palaeogene?
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Brevicolporites guinettii Salad-Cheboldaeff
Eocene-Miocene
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM



Mesozoic
Longapertites proxapertitoides Van der Hammen and Garcia
Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous)-Eocene
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Ephedripites barghoornii Pocock
Albian-Cenomanian (Cretaceous)
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Cicatricosisporites sp. Potonie and Gelletich
?Upper Cretaceous?
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Cretacaeiporites polygonalis Herngreen
Aptian-Cenomanian (Cretaceous)
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Cretacaeiporites scabratus Herngreen
Cenomanian-Coniacian (Cretaceous)
Keta-1 Well, offshore Accra-Keta Basin, Ghana
LM
Deltoidospora sp.
Turonian-Maastrichtian? (Cretaceous)
Well C275-65, Sirte Basin, North Eastern Libya
50 microns LM
Vallizonosporites pseudoalveolatus Fensome
Bajocian (Middle Jurassic)-Lower Cretaceous
Outer Moray Firth Basin, North Sea
54 microns LM
Lygodiosporites perverrucatus Couper
Middle Jurassic
Outer Moray Firth Basin, North Sea
90 microns LM
Glaeicheniidites senonicus Ross
Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous
Outer Moray Firth Basin, North Sea
30 microns LM
Deltoidospora australis Pocock
Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous
Outer Moray Firth Basin, North Sea
70 microns LM
Dictyophyllidites harrisii Couper
Jurassic
Outer Moray Firth Basin, North Sea
44 microns LM
Podocarpites reductus Cookson
Jurassic?
Outer Moray Firth Basin, North Sea
LM
Alisporites thomasii Nilsson
Jurassic
Outer Moray Firth Basin, North Sea
LM


Palaeozoic
Dictyotriletes emsiensis Mc Gregor
Paraguian (Devonian)
Teg and Reg fields, Timimoun Basin, West Algerian Sahara
54 microns LM
Dibolisporites eifeliensis Mc Gregor
Paraguian-Emsian (Devonian)
Teg and Reg fields, Timimoun Basin, West Algerian Sahara
38 microns LM
Diatomozonotriletes franklinii Mc Gregor and Camfield
Emsian (Devonian)
Teg and Reg fields, Timimoun Basin, West Algerian Sahara
35 microns LM
Emphanisporites cf. pseudoerraticus Schultz
Emsian (Devonian)
Teg and Reg fields, Timimoun Basin, West Algerian Sahara
38 microns LM
Granulatisporites numinensis Allen
Emsian (Devonian)
Teg and Reg fields, Timimoun Basin, West Algerian Sahara
LM
Raistrickia cf. clavata Playford
Tournaisian (Lower Carboniferous)
Teg and Reg fields, Timimoun Basin, West Algerian Sahara
38 microns LM
Auroraspora macra Sullivan
Tournaisian (Lower Carboniferous)
Teg and Reg fields, Timimoun Basin, West Algerian Sahara
45 microns LM
Dictyotriletes fimbriatus Kaiser
Tournaisian (Lower Carboniferous)
Teg and Reg fields, Timimoun Basin, West Algerian Sahara
45 microns LM











دسته : آلبوم عکس و تصاویر , چینه شناسی و فسیل شناسی ,
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